National Curriculum Resource Tool

Materials to support teachers and schools in embedding the National Curriculum

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  • Year 1: Addition and Subtraction

    • read, write and interpret mathematical statements involving addition (+), subtraction (–) and equals (=) signs
    • represent and use number bonds and related subtraction facts within 20
    • add and subtract one-digit and two-digit numbers to 20, including zero
    • solve one-step problems that involve addition and subtraction, using concrete objects and pictorial representations, and missing number problems such as 7 = ☐ – 9.

  • Year 2: Addition and Subtraction

    • solve problems with addition and subtraction:
      • using concrete objects and pictorial representations, including those involving numbers, quantities and measures
      • applying their increasing knowledge of mental and written methods
    • recall and use addition and subtraction facts to 20 fluently, and derive and use related facts up to 100
    • add and subtract numbers using concrete objects, pictorial representations, and mentally, including:
      • a two-digit number and ones
      • a two-digit number and tens
      • two two-digit numbers
      • adding three one-digit numbers
    • show that addition of two numbers can be done in any order (commutative) and subtraction of one number from another cannot
    • recognise and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction and use this to check calculations and solve missing number problems.

  • Year 3: Addition and Subtraction

    • add and subtract numbers mentally, including:
    • add and subtract numbers with up to three digits, using formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction
    • estimate the answer to a calculation and use inverse operations to check answers
    • solve problems, including missing number problems, using number facts, place value, and more complex addition and subtraction.

  • Year 4: Addition and Subtraction

    • add and subtract numbers with up to 4 digits using the formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction where appropriate
    • estimate and use inverse operations to check answers to a calculation
    • solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.

  • Year 5: Addition and Subtraction

    • add and subtract whole numbers with more than 4 digits, including using formal written methods (columnar addition and subtraction)
    • add and subtract numbers mentally with increasingly large numbers
    • use rounding to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, levels of accuracy
    • solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.

  • Year 6: Addition and Subtraction

    • multiply multi-digit numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long multiplication
    • divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long division, and interpret remainders as whole number remainders, fractions, or by rounding, as appropriate for the context
    • divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit number using the formal written method of short division where appropriate, interpreting remainders according to the context
    • perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers
    • identify common factors, common multiples and prime numbers
    • use their knowledge of the order of operations to carry out calculations involving the four operations
    • solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why
    • solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
    • use estimation to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, an appropriate degree of accuracy.